Chromista > Harosa > Alveolata
 

Ciliophora

La maggior parte dei ciliati è eterotrofa e si nutre di batteri, alghe unicellulari, altri protisti o particelle organiche. Le ciglia di cui sono dotati servono a convogliare il ciboverso il citostoma.  Alcune specie sono predatrici attive, altre filtrano particelle sospese. Esistono anche forme parassite. Gli scambi gassosi avvengono per diffusione attraverso la membrana cellulare. Si riproducono sia asessualmente sia sessualmente. La riproduzione asessuata avvioene per scissione binaria trasversale, con duplicazione del macronucleo e mitosi del micronucleo. Quella sessuale tramite coniugazione, in cui due individui si uniscono temporaneamente e scambiano materiale genetico attraverso i micronuclei, rigenerando un nuovo macronucleo.
I Ciliophora vivono ovunque ci sia acqua libera o pellicolare, in mare si trovano nel plancton costiero, su fondali sabbiosi e su acque profonde.
Sono anelli fondamentali delle catene trofiche microbiche, in quanto controllano le popolazioni batteriche, riciclano nutrienti e servono da cibo a organismi più grandi.
Sono soggetti di studio in biologia cellulare e genetica per la complessità della loro ultrastruttura, per i i meccanismi di regolazione genica legati al dimorfismo nucleare, per la plasticità comportamentale in risposta a stimoli chimici e fisici.

 

  • Subphylum Intramacronucleata

    • Class Oligotrichea

      • Subclass Halteriia

        • Order Halteriida

          • Family Halteriidae Claparède & Lachmann, 1859

            • Genus Halteria Dujardin, 1841

            • Genus Pelagohalteria Foissner, Skogstad & Pratt, 1988

          • Family Meseridae Corliss, 1961

            • Genus Meseres Schewiakoff, 1892

      • Subclass Oligotrichia

        • Order Choreotrichida

          • Family Lynnellidae Liu, Yi, Lin & Al-Rasheid, 2011

            • Genus Lynnella Liu, Yi, Lin & Al-Rasheid, 2011

          • Suborder Leegaardiellina

          • Suborder Lohmanniellina

            • Family Lohmanniellidae Montagnes & Lynn, 1991

          • Suborder Strobilidiina

            • Family Strobilidiidae Kahl in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929

          • Suborder Strombidinopsina

            • Family Strombidinopsidae Small & Lynn, 1985

          • Suborder Tintinnina

            • Family Ascampbelliellidae Corliss, 1960

            • Family Codonellidae Kent, 1881

            • Family Codonellopsidae Kofoid & Campbell, 1929

            • Family Cyttarocylididae Kofoid & Campbell, 1939

            • Family Dictyocystidae Haeckel, 1873

            • Family Epiplocylididae Kofoid & Campbell, 1939

            • Family Eutintinnidae Bachy, Gómez, López-García, Dolan & Moreira, 2012

            • Family Metacylididae Kofoid & Campbell, 1929

            • Family Nolaclusiliidae Sniezek, Capriulo, Small & Russo, 1991

            • Family Petalotrichidae Kofoid & Campbell, 1929

            • Family Ptychocylididae Kofoid & Campbell, 1929

            • Family Rhabdonellidae Kofoid & Campbell, 1929

            • Family Tintinnidae Claparède & Lachmann, 1858

            • Family Tintinnidiidae Kofoid & Campbell, 1929

            • Family Undellidae Kofoid & Campbell, 1929

            • Family Xystonellidae Kofoid & Campbell, 1929

        • Order Oligotrichida

          • Family Cyrtostrombidiidae Agatha, 2004

          • Family Strombidiidae Fauré-Fremiet, 1970

          • Family Tontoniidae Agatha, 2004

        • Order Strombidiida

        • nn

    • Infraphylum Rhabdophora

    • Class Litostomatea

      • Subclass Haptoria

        • Order Cyclotrichiida

          • Family Mesodiniidae Jankowski, 1980

        • Order Haptorida

          • Family Acropisthiidae Foissner & Foissner, 1988

          • Family Didiniidae Poche, 1913

          • Family Enchelyidae Ehrenberg, 1838

          • Family Helicoprorodontidae Small & Lynn, 1985

          • Family Homalozoonidae Jankowski, 1980

          • Family Lacrymariidae de Fromentel, 1876

          • Family Pseudotrachelocercidae Song, 1990

          • Family Spathidiidae Kahl in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929

          • Family Tracheliidae Ehrenberg, 1838

          • Family Trachelophyllidae Kent, 1882

        • Order Pleurostomatida

          • Family Amphileptidae Bütschli, 1889

          • Family Litonotidae Kent, 1882

      • Subclass Trichostomatia

        • Order Vestibuliferida

          • Family Balantidiidae Reichenow in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929

    • Infraphylum Spirotrichia

      • Subclass Choreotrichia

        • nn

      • Subclass Hypotrichia

        • Family Amphisiellidae Jankowksi, 1979

        • Family Cladotrichidae Small & Lynn, 1985

        • Family Epiclintidae Wicklow & Borror, 1990

        • Order Euplotida

        • Suborder Discocephalina

          • Family Discocephalidae Jankowksi, 1979

        • Suborder Euplotina

          • Family Aspidiscidae Ehrenberg, 1830

          • Family Certesiidae Borror & Hill, 1995

          • Family Euplotidae Ehrenberg, 1838

          • Family Gastrocirrhidae Fauré-Fremiet, 1961

          • Family Uronychiidae Jankowksi, 1975

        • Family Gonostomatidae Small & Lynn, 1985

        • Family Holostichidae Fauré-Fremiet, 1961

        • Family Kahliellidae Tuffrau, 1979

        • Order Kiitrichida

          • Family Kiitrichidae Nozawa, 1941

        • Family Oxytrichidae Ehrenberg, 1830

        • Family Pseudokeronopsidae Borror & Wicklow, 1983

        • Family Pseudourostylidae Jankowksi, 1979

        • Family Trachelostylidae Small & Lynn, 1985

        • Family Urostylidae Bütschli, 1889

      • Subclass Licnophoria

        • Order Licnophorida

          • Family Licnophoridae Bütschli, 1887

      • Subclass Protocruziidia

        • Order Protocruziida

          • Family Protocruziidae Jankowksi, 1980

      • Subclass Stichotrichia

        • Order Sporadotrichida

          • nn

        • Order Stichotrichida

          • Family Keronidae Dujardin, 1840

          • Genus Prooxytricha Poche, 1913

          • Family Spirofilidae von Gelei, 1929

          • Family Strongylidiidae Faure-Fremiet, 1961

        • Order Urostylida

          • is

    • Infraphylum Ventrata

    • Class Colpodea

      • Order Colpodida

        • Family Colpodidae Bory de St. Vincent, 1826

      • Order Cyrtolophosidida

        • Family Cyrtolophosididae Stokes, 1888

        • Family Platyophryidae de Puytorac, Perez-Paniagua & Perez-Silva, 1979

        • Family Woodruffiidae von Gelei, 1954

    • Class Nassophorea

      • Order Microthoracida

        • Family Discotrichidae Jankowksi, 1967

        • Family Leptopharyngidae Kahl, 1926

        • Family Microthoracidae Wrzesniowski, 1870

      • Order Nassulida

        • Family Nassulidae de Fromentel, 1874

        • Family Paranassulidae Fauré-Fremiet, 1962

      • Order Synhymeniida

        • Family Nassulopsidae Deroux in Corliss, 1979

        • Family Orthodonellidae Jankowksi, 1968

        • Family Scaphidiodontidae Deroux in Corliss, 1979

    • Class Oligohymenophorea

      • Subclass Apostomatia

        • Order Apostomatida

          • Family Colliniidae Cépède, 1910

          • Family Cyrtocaryidae Corliss, 1979

          • Family Foettingeriidae Chatton, 1911

          • Family Pseudocolliniidae Chantangsi, Lynn, Rueckert, Prokopowicz, Panha & Leander, 2013

        • Order Astomatophorida

          • Family Opalinopsidae Hartog, 1906

        • Order Pilisuctorida

          • Family Conidophryidae Kirby, 1941

      • Subclass Astomatia

        • Order Astomatida

          • Family Anoplophryidae Cépède, 1910

          • Family Buetschliellidae de Puytorac in Corliss, 1979

          • Family Coelosomidiidae Corliss, 1961

          • Family Haptophryidae Cépède, 1923

          • Family Radiophryidae de Puytorac, 1972

      • Subclass Hymenostomatia

        • Order Ophryoglenida

          • Family Ophryoglenidae Kent, 1881

        • Order Tetrahymenida

          • Family Glaucomidae Corliss, 1971

          • Family Turaniellidae Didier, 1971

      • Subclass Peniculia

        • Order Peniculida

          • Family Frontoniidae Kahl, 1926

          • Family Lembadionidae Jankowski in Corliss, 1979

          • Family Parameciidae Dujardin, 1840

          • Family Stokesiidae Roque, 1961

      • Subclass Peritrichia

        • Order Mobilida

          • Family Leiotrochidae Johnston, 1938

          • Family Polycyclidae Poljansky, 1951

          • Family Trichodinidae Claus, 1874

          • Family Urceolariidae Dujardin, 1840

        • Order Sessilida

          • Family Ellobiophryidae Chatton & Lwoff, 1929

          • Family Epistylididae Kahl, 1933

          • Family Lagenophryidae Bütschli, 1889

          • Family Operculariidae Fauré-Fremiet in Corliss, 1979

          • Family Rovinjellidae Matthes, 1972

          • Family Scyphidiidae Kahl, 1933

          • Family Vaginicolidae de Fromentel, 1874

          • Family Vorticellidae Ehrenberg, 1838

          • Family Zoothamniidae Sommer, 1951

      • Subclass Scuticociliatia

        • Order Philasterida

          • Family Cinetochilidae Perty, 1852

          • Family Cohnilembidae Kahl, 1933

          • Family Cryptochilidae Berger in Corliss, 1979

          • Family Entodiscidae Jankowksi, 1973

          • Family Entorhipidiidae Madsen, 1931

          • Family Loxocephalidae Jankowksi, 1964

          • Family Orchitophryidae Cépède, 1910

          • Family Paralembidae Corliss & de Puytorac in Samall & Lynn, 1985

          • Family Parauronematidae Small & Lynn, 1985

          • Family Philasteridae Kahl, 1931

          • Family Pseudocohnilembidae Evans & Thompson, 1964

          • Family Schizocaryidae Jankowksi, 1979

          • Family Thigmophryidae Chatton & Lwoff, 1926

          • Family Thyrophylacidae Bergen in Corliss, 1961

          • Family Uronematidae Thompson, 1964

        • Order Pleuronematida

          • Family Calyptotrichidae Small & Lynn, 1985

          • Family Ctedoctematidae Small & Lynn, 1985

          • Family Cyclidiidae Ehrenberg, 1838

          • Family Dragescoidae Jankowksi, 1980

          • Family Histiobalantiidae de Puytorac & Corliss in Corliss, 1979

          • Family Peniculistomatidae Fenchel, 1965

          • Family Pleuronematidae Kent, 1881

        • Order Thigmotrichida

          • Family Ancistridae Issel, 1903

          • Family Hemispeiridae König, 1894

          • Family Nucleocorbulidae Santhakumari & Nair, 1970

    • Class Phyllopharyngea

      • Subclass Chonotrichia

        • Order Cryptogemmida

          • Family Actinichonidae Jankowksi, 1973

          • Family Echinichonidae Jankowksi, 1973

          • Family Inversochonidae Jankowksi, 1973

          • Family Isochonidae Jankowksi, 1973

          • Family Isochonopsidae Batisse & Crumeyrolle, 1988

          • Family Stylochonidae Mohr, 1948

        • Order Exogemmida

          • Family Chilodochonidae Wallengren, 1895

          • Family Filichonidae Jankowksi, 1973

          • Family Heliochonidae Jankowksi, 1972

          • Family Lobochonidae Jankowksi, 1967

          • Family Phyllochonidae Jankowksi, 1972

          • Family Spirochonidae Stein, 1854

      • Subclass Cyrtophoria

        • nn

      • Subclass Phyllopharyngia

        • Order Chlamydodontida

          • Family Chilodonellidae Deroux, 1970

          • Family Chitonellidae Small & Lynn, 1985

          • Family Chlamydodontidae Stein, 1859

          • Family Kryoprorodontidae Alekperov & Mamajeva, 1992

          • Family Lynchellidae Jankowksi, 1968

        • Order Dysteriida

          • Family Dysteriidae Claparède & Lachmann, 1858

          • Family Hartmannulidae Poche, 1913

          • Family Kyaroikeidae Sniezek & Coats, 1996

          • Family Plesiotrichopidae Deroux, 1976

      • Subclass Rhynchodia

        • Order Hypocomatida

          • Family Hypocomidae Bütschli, 1889

        • Order Rhynchodida

          • Family Ancistrocomidae Chatton & Lwoff, 1939

          • Family Sphenophryidae Chatton & Lwoff, 1921

      • Subclass Suctoria

        • Order Endogenida

          • Family Acinetidae Stein, 1859

          • Family Acinetopsidae Jankowksi, 1978

          • Family Corynophryidae Jankowksi, 1981

          • Family Dendrosomatidae

          • Family Enchelyomorphidae

          • Family Endosphaeridae Jankowksi in Corliss, 1979

          • Family Pseudogemmidae Jankowksi, 1978

          • Family Tokophryidae Jankowksi in Small & Lynn, 1985

          • Family Trichophryidae Fraipont, 1878

        • Order Evaginogenida

          • Family Discophryidae Collin, 1912

          • Family Rhynchophryidae Jankowksi, 1978

        • Order Exogenida

          • Family Dendrosomididae Jankowksi, 1978

          • Family Dentacinetidae Batisse, 1992

          • Family Ephelotidae Kent, 1882

          • Family Lecanophryidae Jankowksi, 1973

          • Family Manuelophryidae Dovgal, 2002

          • Family Metacinetidae Bütschli, 1889

          • Family Ophryodendridae Stein, 1867

          • Family Paracinetidae Jankowksi, 1978

          • Family Phalacrocleptidae Kozloff, 1966

          • Family Podophryidae Haeckel, 1866

          • Family Praethecacinetidae Dovgal, 1996

          • Family Rhabdophryidae Jankowksi, 1970

          • Family Severonidae Jankowksi, 1981

          • Family Spelaeophryidae Jankowksi in Batisse, 1975

          • Family Tachyblastonidae Grell, 1950

          • Family Thecacinetidae Matthes, 1956

    • Class Plagiopylea

      • Order Plagiopylida

        • Family Plagiopylidae Schewiakoff, 1896

        • Family Sonderiidae Small & Lynn, 1985

        • Family Trimyemidae Kahl, 1933

    • Class Prostomatea

      • Order Prorodontida

        • Family Balanionidae Small & Lynn, 1985

        • Family Colepidae Ehrenberg, 1838

        • Family Holophryidae Perty, 1852

        • Family Placidae Small & Lynn, 1985

        • Family Plagiocampidae Kahl, 1926

        • Family Prorodontidae Kent, 1881

        • Family Urotrichidae Small & Lynn, 1985

      • Order Prostomatida

        • Family Metacystidae Kahl, 1926

  • Subphylum Postciliodesmatophora

    • Class Heterotrichea

      • Order Heterotrichida

        • Family Blepharismidae Jankowksi in Small & Lynn, 1985

        • Family Climacostomidae Repak, 1972

        • Family Condylostomatidae Kahl in Doflein & Reichenow, 1929

        • Family Folliculinidae Dons, 1914

        • Family Maristentoridae Miao, Simpson, Fu & Lobban, 2005

        • Family Peritromidae Stein, 1867

        • Family Spirostomidae Stein, 1867

        • Family Stentoridae Carus, 1863

    • Class Karyorelictea

      • Order Loxodida

        • Family Cryptopharyngidae Jankowksi, 1980

        • Family Loxodidae Bütschli, 1889

      • Order Protoheterotrichida

        • Family Geleiidae Kahl, 1933

      • Order Protostomatida

        • Family Kentrophoridae Jankowksi, 1980

        • Family Trachelocercidae Kent, 1881

Ciliophora - Denis H Lynn

www.luciopesce.net/zoologia/coniuga

www.nies.go.jp/chiiki1/protoz/identi-c

www.zobodat.at//DENISIA-Catalogo - Pdf

Monograph of the Dileptids (Protista, Ciliophora, Rhynchostomatia) Peter Vďačný& Wilhelm Foissner - Denisia

Confronto tra approccio tradizionale e next-generation sequencing per la caratterizzazione delle comunità di ciliati - Rossi

Morphology and morphogenesis of a new marine hypotrichous ciliate (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Pseudoamphisiellidae), including a report on the small subunit rRNA gene sequence

Taxonomy of five species of cyrtophorids (Protozoa: Ciliophora) including consideration of the phylogeny of two new genera- AA.VV

Fauna of ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) of the southern part of the Russian Far East

A user-friendly guide to the ciliates (Prot ozoa, Ciliophora) commonly used by hydrobiologists as bioindicators in rivers, lakes, and waste waters, with notes on their ecology

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